1 Which geographic factor was most important to the development of the early
river valley civilizations?

1 fertile soils
2 high mountains
3 vast deserts
4 smooth coastlines

2 The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Dome of the Rock, and the Western
(Wailing) Wall are religious sites in Jerusalem. These sites symbolize the

1 Roman domination of the Mediterranean region in the 1st century
2 cultural diversity of the Middle East
3 limited architectural skills of builders in the Middle East
4 geographic isolation of the city

3 Which values are most closely associated with the fundamental principles of
Buddhism?

1 competition and financial success
2 maintaining the caste system and providing education for all people
3 practicing nonviolence and giving up worldly desires
4 self-determination and democracy

4 A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096-1291) was to

1 establish Christianity in western Europe
2 capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers
3 unite warring Arab peoples
4 strengthen English dominance in the Arab world

5 An important contribution of the Byzantine Empire to Russia is the establishment
in Russia of

1 Orthodox Christianity
2 representative democracy
3 a free-market economy
4 a jury system

Base your answer to question 6 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social
studies.

The Kingdom of Mali (c. 1300)  - Ibn  Battuta 
The [people] possess some admirable qualities. They are seldom unjust, and have a greater
abhorrence [hatred] of injustice than any other people. There is complete security in their
 country. Neither traveler nor inhabitant in it has anything to fear from robbers or men of
violence.

6 Which point of view about the culture of Mali does Ibn  Battuta express in this passage?

1 It was considered more primitive than those of the rest of the world.
2 It was heavily influenced by European culture.
3 It was centered around peace and justice.
4 It was generally concerned with establishing democratic principles.

 7 Martin Luther's posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be
a turning point in history because

1 the Pope's right to sell indulgences was strengthened
2 Luther soon became the leader of Germany
3 the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew
4 the Roman Catholic Church unified the German states